Millennials’ seemingly unquenchable thirst for coffee is helping to push global demand to a record just as supplies are tightening.

Americans are becoming java junkies at an earlier age, and young adults are increasing their daily consumption at a fast enough pace to make up for declines by older folks. The result: Demand in the US, the world’s top user, is set for an all-time high, and the trend among younger drinkers is also playing out in other big consumers including Brazil and even tea-loving China.

Consumption is climbing as drought crimps supplies from Brazil, the world’s biggest producer and exporter. Prices for the Arabica variety surged to the highest since February 2015 last week in New York.

Hedge funds are positioning for more gains, increasing their bets on a rally to the highest in eight years.

Demand "has been running well above expectations, thereby tightening coffee markets significantly," said Harish Sundaresh, a portfolio manager and commodities analyst in Boston for the Loomis Sayles Alpha Strategies team, which oversees $5bn.

Fund wagers

The coffee net-long holding jumped by 18% to 50 651 futures and options in the week ended October 25, according to US Commodity Futures Trading Commission data published three days later. That’s the highest since March 2008.

Arabica coffee surged 6% to $1.655 a pound last week on ICE Futures US in New York, the biggest gain since July. Prices have averaged about $1.344 this year.

Millennials - a cohort of young people now aged about 19 to 34 - account for about 44% of US coffee demand, according to Chicago-based researcher Datassential.

In the eight years through 2016, daily consumption among 18 to 24-years-olds rose to 48% from 34%, while it climbed to 60% from 51% among those aged 25 to 39, according to the National Coffee Association in New York.

At the same, adults 60 and older saw a drop to 64% from 76%, and there was also a decline for the 40 to 59 age group.

The coffee craze is also starting earlier in life. Younger millennials, born after 1995, started drinking coffee at about 14.7 years old, while older millennials, born closer to 1982, began at 17.1 years, data from the association show.

Take the case of William Tuesca, a 21-year-old junior at Parsons School of Design in New York. He started drinking coffee when he was five and now drinks two or three cups daily, even more during mid-term exams, he said.

'Fashion symbol'

"In school, drinking coffee is also like a fashion symbol and an opportunity to socialise," Tuesca said.

Gains for demand mean that in the 12 months ended September 30, world consumption outpaced production for a second straight season, according to the London-based International Coffee Organisation.

Coffee has posted the fifth-best return so far this year among the 22 raw materials tracked by Bloomberg Commodity Index.

Consumption is rising as supplies are getting tighter. Dry weather in Brazil has hampered the country’s crop of robusta coffee, the bitter-tasting beans used in instant coffee.

The woes come after drought already cut output in Asia. With supplies of robusta getting harder to find, more coffee roasters are using arabica beans, the smoother variety favoured by Starbucks, pushing up prices for that commodity.

The good news for coffee addicts is that Brazilian plants still have a chance to recover, which can help temper the price rally.

Rains, especially in the key area of south Minas Gerais, can help limit production losses, said Carlos Mera Arzeno, a London-based analyst with Rabobank International.

There are also bigger crops coming from Peru and Honduras, which could ease the tight availability, he said.

Supply cushion

Inventories can also provide a supply cushion. As of September 30, stockpiles of green, or unroasted, coffee in the US - which includes arabica and robusta beans - was at the highest for that date since 2000, according to data from the New York-based Green Coffee Association.

But stockpiles have fallen since a peak in July and demand isn’t showing any signs of slowing down. Tuesca, the Parsons student, said if prices keep rising he would rather renounce other earthly pleasures like eating chocolate than his morning cup of joe.

"Chocolate is like a paramour with whom you have good moments," Tuesca said as he savoured a cup at a Starbucks in midtown Manhattan. "But coffee is like the spouse or girlfriend that you want with you every day."